National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) Practice Test

Which of the following conditions can lead to atrophy of muscles?

1. Hypomobility

2. Hypermobility

3. Overtraining

4. Static stretching

The correct answer is: Hypomobility

Atrophy of muscles, which refers to the wasting or reduction in muscle mass, is commonly associated with conditions that limit movement or use of the muscles. Hypomobility, or reduced range of motion, results in decreased activity of the involved muscles. When muscles are not engaged regularly, whether due to injury, immobility, or other limiting factors, they experience a lack of stimulation necessary for maintenance of muscle mass and strength. This lack of use leads to physiological changes in the muscle fibers, including a decrease in size and strength, ultimately culminating in atrophy. Therefore, when hypomobility is present, the affected muscles can undergo significant atrophy due to the decreased workload and reduced mechanical demand placed upon them. In contrast, hypermobility refers to excessive joint movement and is less likely to lead directly to muscle atrophy, as the muscles may still be engaged, albeit in a different way. Overtraining may cause temporary muscle fatigue and soreness, but it typically involves increased activity rather than disuse. Static stretching, while beneficial for flexibility, does not inherently lead to muscle atrophy as long as there is some engagement in muscle activity. Thus, hypomobility is the primary condition identified here that can directly contribute to muscle at